The Present and Future of Transportation in Hampton Roads:
Results of a Series of Focus Groups among Hampton Roads Residents
These focus groups were conducted for the Hampton Roads Transportation Planning Organization (HRTPO) by the Judy Ford Wason Center for Public Policy at Christopher Newport University with consultative work by the Hampton Roads Center for Civic Engagement (HRCCE).
Executive Summary
The results of this series of six focus groups conducted among citizens of the Hampton Roads region of Southeastern Virginia provide interesting insight and feedback to The Hampton Roads Transportation Planning Organization, its municipal and state stakeholders, affiliates and others.
Hampton Roads citizens may not be able to agree about a lot of things. But one thing they all seem to agree on is that transportation is the region’s Achilles’ heel. Study participants drawn from all of the region’s cities and counties tell us that in the absence of any commonly acknowledged icon, cultural value or other point of regional connection, frustration over traffic congestion is the one thing they all have in common.
Hampton Roads residents taking part in this study believe that many elements in the region’s transportation infrastructure are broken and that they see little evidence that the region’s leaders are taking meaningful steps to either restore current transportation infrastructure or prepare for what they believe will only be more people, more density and more traffic volume in the future. Some have chosen to live in specific locations so that they can avoid the chronic areas of traffic congestion. But even those who live at the rural edges of the region believe the sprawl and traffic of the region’s busiest cities will eventually reach out to and surround them.

There was virtually no disagreement about this outlook among our study participants, regardless of their demographic, geographic, economic or political perspectives. There is similarly strong and consistent consensus about what needs to be done to improve this situation; namely, get cars off the road.
In the short-term, study participants believe the region needs to take whatever steps are necessary to restore current transportation facilities and, where needed, expand or build new roads, bridges and tunnels to resolve current bottlenecks. Concurrently, the region needs to begin developing a fully integrated regional light rail networked back up by feeder and distributor bus and shuttle services.
Study participants know that these are not simple tasks. But those who have lived elsewhere, particularly military personnel who have lived in Western Europe and in cities like Tokyo and Singapore, know that these tasks can be accomplished; that ambitious public works projects call for ambitious leaders and that regions characterized by challenging topography and water can indeed be tamed for transportation purposes.
It is also important to note that our study participants do not consider the foregoing tasks to be luxuries. They believe traffic congestion is stifling economic vitality and social and civic cohesion in the Hampton Roads region today, and that the lack of solid planning for ways to beat this challenge today will make Hampton Roads an even less appealing place to live and do business in the future.
The only real question is how to pay for transportation infrastructure improvements. This study identifies three critical issues related to study participants’ perceptions of transportation funding streams:
1. They have no idea of the magnitude of costs involved.
2. Their recommended funding streams fall well short of that necessary to make the improvements they believe are critical to the region’s vitality.
3. They are driven by a desire to transfer as much of the eventual cost of transportation infrastructure improvements to others—e.g. to facility users, tourists and commercial interests—as possible.
Study participants are not averse to consideration of new dedicated funding streams such as tolls, increased gasoline tax, “sin” and luxury taxes, and increased license and registration fees. They are also open to consideration of a state lottery dedicated to transportation and to the legalization of casino gambling if the proceeds can be dedicated to transportation. Beyond these, however, study participants were grabbing at straws. Their suggestions become more fragmented, more contrary to the traditional conservative values of Virginians and, in some cases, downright outlandish.
Study participants were of one consistent voice, however, with respect to their feelings about funding of transportation infrastructure improvements through an increase in the state income tax. Although some recognize that this might be the best way to place the least and most painless burden on Virginia taxpayers, most are also adamantly opposed to this method because they believe it would 1) make it easy for any such tax rate increase to remain in effect long after the original need has been fulfilled and 2) monies raised this way could easily become lost in the state budget or be diverted to other purposes for which they were not intended. The concept of a “lock box” or other method of guaranteeing that monies raised could only be spent on transportation was mentioned by several study participants in several different groups.
Trust in government or, to put it more accurately, the absence of trust in government is a huge issue for our study participants. Most believe there is an unacceptable level of waste, inefficiency and mismanagement in government. Until they believe otherwise, they say they are unwilling to increase their tax contributions.
To win their support to proceed with costly transportation infrastructure improvements, study participants believe the Hampton Roads region’s leaders need demonstrate regional consensus by creating a plan that reflects careful analysis of current conditions, serious study of other urbanized regions that have similar water and landmass configurations and realistic cost estimates and timetables. Once such a plan is developed, study participants believe it must be taken out into the community and presented to citizens so that they can provide elected leaders and others with the confidence they need to carry out the plan.
At present, however, more than a few of our study participants question the ability and predisposition of the region’s major cities to work together to create a plan or vision that speaks with a single, united voice.
The people who took part in this study believe the Hampton Roads region is blessed with abundant natural beauty and a rich history that deserves preservation. But they also believe that the future success of the region calls for strong, visionary regional leadership, solid planning, careful financial oversight and strong public support. If these conditions are met, study participants say the region will have every reason to be a competitive and appealing place to live and work in the future.
Download the complete HRTPO report.